IPN HIGHER LEVEL Written Competition Simulator Exam 2024

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

According to the RAE:

Because it is a masculine noun that is equivalent to cause, reason, reason, and is written with an accent because it is an acute word ending in a vowel, since it is a noun.

Because it is an unstressed conjunction, which is why it is written without an accent. It can be used with two values:

1. As a causal conjunction to introduce subordinate clauses that express cause, in which case it can be replaced by phrases of equally causal value such as since or since.

2. It is also used to answer questions introduced by the why sequence.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

1) He (pronoun) has an accent.
2) Se (reflexive pronoun) does not have an accent.
3) If (adverb of affirmation) has an accent.
4) My (possessive adjective) does not have a song.
5) Mas (adverb of quantity) has an accent.
6) If (conjunction that expresses condition) does not have an accent.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A tripthong is the sequence of three vowels that are part of the same syllable. For a tripthong to exist, two unstressed closed vowels (i, u) must be combined and, in the middle of these, an open vowel (a, e, o). The sequences of closed vowel + open vowel + closed vowel when one of the two closed vowels is stressed are not tripthongs in Spanish. What there is in those cases is a hiatus followed by a diphthong, when the first closed vowel is stressed: viviris (vi - ví - ais); or a diphthong followed by a hiatus, when the second closed vowel is stressed: nail cleaner (lim - pia - ú - ñas), therefore, the correct answer is option C.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

“Dé”, when it corresponds to the verb give, has a diacritical accent to differentiate it from the preposition “de” which can indicate belonging, composition, origin, etc., depending on the context in which it is found:
I don't want him to give me gifts.
I don't want Christmas gifts (preposition that indicates belonging to the season).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The word si (1) is an adverb of affirmation, me (4) is a tonic personal pronoun of the first person singular and doing me (9) is an oversdrújula word, therefore, all of them are orthographically accented.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part b), since when the vocative (whom we refer to in a sentence without being the grammatical subject of it) is always linked with commas to the rest of the sentence. If it is at the end of an interrogative sentence, it is placed inside the question marks, but if it is at the beginning of the interrogative sentence, it is placed outside the question marks; therefore, option a) is incorrect. Option d) is incorrect since the comma is between the subject of the predicate within the sentence and a comma should never be placed between them and option c) is incorrect because the as is superfluous, in this case, with the use of parentheses are enough.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part a) because a colon is never placed after the verb be (in this case, are). The verb is enough to introduce the numbering that will be mentioned below, in addition to the use of the colon the grammatical complement of the verb (attribute) is separated, which is incorrect.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Part c) is the correct answer, since we remember that one purpose of using punctuation marks is to organize the speech so that it is easy to read and effectively expresses what you want to convey. In the sentence Gel pens of many colors, almost all dry out over time, the use of the comma makes it more difficult than helping to understand the message. One way to correct the original form of the sentence is to add one more comma: Gel pens of many colors, almost all of them, dry out over time. Thus, the text is much more understandable.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct form of the previous statement is There,1 in the distance,2 a wolf howls;3 nearby,4 a goldfinch sings;5 right here,6 a lover sighs., that is, part a) / c). Commas 1 and 2 are incidental or explanatory commas, this means that they contain clauses, words or short phrases that are not essential for the idea of ​​the phrase, but facilitate a better understanding of the text; semicolons 3 and 5 are used because the text is composed of complex enumerations (it is not composed of a single word or concept, but of other sentences) and because of this, the sentences that are part of the complex enumeration also contain commas. To facilitate the order and understanding of the speech, commas are used. Commas 4 and 6 are hyperbaton commas, that is, those commas that separate a circumstantial complement from the rest of the sentence when it precedes the subject, that is, when the usual syntactic order is altered.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part a) since thanks to the comma it is clear that “boys and girls” is a vocative (whom we refer to in a sentence without being the grammatical subject of it) and the communicative intention of the sentence is call them to eat. If the comma is omitted, the meaning changes and instead of calling them, it is expressed that what will be eaten will be the boys and girls: Let's eat boys and girls.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part c) because the fundamental function of capital letters in Spanish is to distinguish proper names (nouns that particularize a being) from common names; Therefore, by particularizing and consequently hierarchizing the names, they facilitate the correct understanding of the discourse. Subsection a) is incorrect, since capital letters must always be accented when required. Subsection b) is incorrect since the names of sciences or subjects are only capitalized when we refer to them as subjects of study, and especially in academic contexts. Finally, part d) is incorrect, since the use of capital letters responds to spelling rules and not for extratextual purposes.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The error is found in part a) because the word “sea” should not be written with capital letters. Capital letters are used to distinguish proper names (nouns that particularize a being) from common names. Since the name of the sea mentioned is not “Caribbean Sea”, but only “Caribbean”, only “Caribbean” should be capitalized. Thus, the correct form is “Caribbean Sea”.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct form of the text is The President of the Republic seeks to change the laws this Monday, so I ask you, sir, to make your homeland as a Mexican (section c). Capital letters are used to distinguish proper names (nouns that particularize a being) from common ones, therefore, only “Republic” (Mexican) requires the use of capital letters. The words “president”, “laws”, “sir” are common names, while the word “Mexican” is a demonym (a word that denotes a relationship with a geographical place), so they do not require the use of capital letters.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Capital letters are used to distinguish proper names (nouns that particularize a being) from common names. In the previous case, the proper names are those of the festivities and those of the ages or periods, while the positions are common. Prepositions or articles are prepositions and articles and not names, therefore, they are written with lowercase letters. So, the correct answer is part a).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

In accordance with spelling rules, the word that follows the question mark or exclamation mark is capitalized, unless due to speech requirements, a comma is placed after the closing question mark.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part b) because it is the only one that expresses only a single meaning of interpretation. All other subsections leave room for further interpretation. For example, in a) it is not known if Pedro is a dwarf or if the dwarf belongs to Pedro. On the other hand, in c) it is not clear what he will lend and in d) the delicious food could be from the cinema or the restaurant.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part c).
Amphibology is a language vice in which the phrases or words used give rise to more than one meaning or interpretation.
The text in the image gives rise to the interpretation that the meters will be changed because they are old or broken, but also that the current meters will be replaced by broken and old meters.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Amphibology is a language vice in which the phrases or words used give rise to more than one meaning or interpretation, therefore, the correct answer is part d), since it is not clear who had a bad time, whether the dog or the boyfriend.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part b).
Amphibology is a language vice in which the phrases or words used give rise to more than one meaning or interpretation.
The text on the image gives rise to the interpretation that the soap is shaped like a hippo, but also that the soap is for children who are shaped like a hippo.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A solecism is an error of agreement (gender or number), of regime (misuse of prepositions) and of composition (misuse of pronouns) in the structure of the sentence.
The correct answer is part c) since there is an agreement error between the subject of the sentence and the verb.
The subject of the sentence is “my gang” and is singular; The verb of the sentence is “we left” and is expressed in plural, therefore, there is an agreement error. The correct form of the sentence is:
“My gang only goes out on Saturday afternoons”

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part b), since a solecism is an error of agreement (gender or number), regime (misuse of prepositions) and composition (misuse of pronouns) in the structure of the sentence.
In the previous text there is a misuse of pronouns because it is not necessary in the form I remember. The correct form of the previous text is: “I stayed up all night studying, but I think it was a bad idea because I don't remember much of what I read.”

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part a) because the other options present errors in the agreement between the subject and the predicate, that is, they contain solecisms. A solecism is an error of agreement (gender or number), of regime (misuse of prepositions) and of composition (misuse of pronouns) in the structure of the sentence.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A solecism is an error of agreement (gender or number), of regime (misuse of
prepositions) and composition (misuse of pronouns) in the structure of the sentence; Therefore, the correct answer is part d), since there is an agreement error in the verb, which should not be expressed in the plural. The correct form of the sentence is It has been many months since I have been to restaurants or shopping malls.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is D. In options 3 and 4 the error consists of using the gerund as a qualifying adjective given that the gerund is capable of qualifying the verb, that is, it fulfills an adverbial function and never an adjective.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The gerund is the impersonal form of a verb and is characterized by having the constant endings -ando, -endo. In general, the gerund within a sentence fulfills the function of adverbs (word that modifies the verb, adjective to another adverb) and expresses an action simultaneous or prior to that of the main verb, but never later.
The correct answer is part c), since the gerund found in the text (leaving out) is expressing an action after that of the main verb, which is a misuse of the gerund.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part b).
The gerund is the impersonal form of a verb and is characterized by having the constant endings -ando, -endo. In general, the gerund within a sentence fulfills the function of adverbs (word that modifies the verb, adjective to another adverb) and expresses an action simultaneous or prior to that of the main verb, but never later.
The use is incorrect because the gerund passing is fulfilling the function of an adjective (word that modifies the noun) since it is modifying the noun increment. The gerund never modifies nouns.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The gerund is the impersonal form of a verb and is characterized by having the constant endings -ando, -endo. In general, the gerund within a sentence fulfills the function of adverbs (word that modifies the verb, adjective to another adverb) and expresses an action simultaneous or prior to that of the main verb, but never later.
The use is incorrect because the gerund estar is fulfilling the function of an adjective (word that modifies the noun) since it is modifying the noun dog. The gerund never modifies nouns.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Coherence is the property of the text that allows it to be interpreted as a unit of information and is built through the selection and organization of information, that is, the secondary ideas of the text provide relevant and non-contradictory information to reach the idea. main or topic so that it is simple to understand the global meaning of the communication of the text.
The correct answer is part c) since the idea People who consider that they have enough money to buy it, however, buy it once they have analyzed the product is contradictory because there is a misuse of however because it expresses opposition or difference between the ideas it links and is not the case of this text. If the conjunction is omitted, coherence is no longer broken: People who consider they have enough money to buy it, buy it once they have analyzed the product.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Coherence is the property of the text that allows it to be interpreted as a unit of information and is built through the selection and organization of information, that is, the secondary ideas of the text provide relevant and non-contradictory information to reach the idea. main or topic so that it is simple to understand the global meaning of the communication of the text.
The correct answer is part d) since it is incongruous for you to like a series if you have not been able to see it. It is necessary to have seen it to be able to make a judgement.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Textual cohesion is the union that a text has internally, that is, between the words, sentences and ideas of a piece of writing to ensure its coherence and easy understanding. One way to maintain textual cohesion is to avoid repetition of the same word as much as possible.

In the previous text we can see the repetition of many words, therefore, it does not have cohesion.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Irrelevant ideas in the texts are those that only provide details and extra information that can be eliminated without compromising the coherence of the text, therefore the correct answer is part a) since it is only a minor detail.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

According to the succession of narratology by Luz Aurora Pimentel and Javier del Prado Biezma, every story is made up of organizational units such as time, space, actions. In the event that time is not evidenced with temporal units that demonstrate it (a year, a day, afternoon, night, hours, minutes, moments), the construction of the story through actions must be resorted to. Considering this, Luis Brito's story begins by stating an apparent stillness "Now rest and sit down" that is interrupted with the enunciation of a salesman and this is followed by a credit agreement, which in turn has as a consequence that the character (in second person) give an account of new fashions. The final subjunctive paragraph “thus” introduces a conclusion about the fact.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The logical sequence in a text can be observed in the coherence and cohesion mechanisms that it uses to link the ideas that make up it. These mechanisms can be orthographic (they are based on the correct use of punctuation), or syntactic-semantic, such as the use of reference, synthesis, ellipsis, the use of connectors, paraphrase, synonymy, etc.
The correct sequence of ideas in the text presents the following features:

• Description of the main idea to be developed (3).
• Development of secondary idea (what quantum physics explains) through reiteration (“Quantum physics…”) (4).
• Union of the development of the main idea with a block of secondary ideas through the use of an adversative connector (“Although”) (1).
• Development of a second secondary idea that is connected to the previous ideas thanks to an additive connector (in turn) (2).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The logical sequence in a text can be observed in the coherence and cohesion mechanisms that it uses to link the ideas that make up it. These mechanisms can be orthographic (they are based on the correct use of punctuation), or syntactic-semantic, such as the use of reference, synthesis, ellipsis, the use of connectors, paraphrase, synonymy, etc.

The correct sequence of ideas in the text presents the following features:
• Contextualization of the idea or concept to be developed (3).
• The second idea is linked to the first by context identification (the RAE is a dictionary of terms and this idea begins by describing a term); Likewise, it has a spelling mark at the end (semicolon) that indicates that something continues in it (6).
• The third idea begins with lowercase letters, that is, it is a continuation of another that precedes it and maintains a description of terms like the previous one. Close with a period, indicating that what follows may be a secondary idea or a broader explanation of the concept (4).
• The fourth idea constitutes a synthetic paraphrase of ideas two and three (5). It does not have final punctuation marks, so it is inferred that it is incomplete.
• The fifth idea is the complement of idea four. It begins with a preposition (by) that indicates the agent in the incomplete passive sentence: “…decisions recognized by the social environment…” (1).
• The sixth idea constitutes the explanatory synthesis of what has been developed in the previous ideas (2).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The logical sequence in a text can be observed in the coherence and cohesion mechanisms that it uses to link the ideas that make up it. These mechanisms can be orthographic (they are based on the correct use of punctuation), or syntactic-semantic, such as the use of reference, synthesis, ellipsis, the use of connectors, paraphrase, synonymy, etc.

The correct sequence of ideas in the text presents the following features:
• Location of the topic or idea in a chronological context (3). The idea concludes with two points, which indicates that the description of said “important stage” will be presented.
• Spelling signal that indicates that the idea is a complement to another (starts with lowercase letters). The discursive marker at the beginning (“the beginning”) reveals its relationship with the first idea whose type is also chronological and refers to a “stage” (1).
• The third idea is linked to the previous ones through a reference mechanism based on the chronological connector “then”, which could be replaced by: “at that time”, to refer to the mechanisms used in the manipulation of genetic material (5).
• The fourth idea is subordinate to the previous one since it explains or develops the content of the expression “procedures”. She closes with a comma, which means that she is unfinished (6).
• The fifth idea begins with an exemplary connector, which is usually enclosed in commas if it is found within a sentence or paragraph. On the other hand, the content of the explanation corresponds thematically with the content of idea four (2).
• The fifth idea uses a referential mechanism based on the use of the pronoun “that” which alludes to the “procedure” described in ideas four and five of the text (4).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A mechanism of textual cohesion (property that texts have to link the different words, sentences and paragraphs that make them up) is the use of discursive connectors. In the exercise, the first period constitutes the antecedent of an explanation that needs to be clarified or shown, so an exemplary connector (“For example”) is the most suitable to connect the following period that indicates a type of causal relationship (Amelia discusses because, because of). Finally, the last segment represents a contrast to the previous ones since, “although Amelia always argues, it is fun to hang out with her.” This is indicated through an adversative connector (“However”).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A mechanism of textual cohesion (property that texts have to link the different words, sentences and paragraphs that make them up) is the use of discursive connectors. In the exercise, the reading of the first period and the second suggest that these are opposed ("I took the exam" - positive action-; "I am restless" - negative action-), so they require an adversative connector (mas) to acquire coherence. The next period shows the expression of an opinion about one's own performance, so the appropriate connector to start this is “In my opinion.”
Finally, the following period presents the sum of two elements (“the context of the application”; “my own performance”), making it necessary to use an additive connector to link them (“and”).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A mechanism of textual cohesion (property that texts have to link the different words, sentences and paragraphs that make them up) is the use of discursive connectors. In the exercise, the first period maintains a purpose relationship with the second, which is why it uses a connector of the same type (for). On the other hand, the period that closes the idea is additive, that is, to the “credit approval” is added “the forgiveness of the first months of payment”, so the most appropriate connector is “in addition.”

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

A mechanism of textual cohesion (property that texts have to link the different words, sentences and paragraphs that make them up) is the use of discursive connectors. In the exercise, part c) is the correct answer, since the connector “that is” is one that denotes explanation and what the two ideas linked by it communicate do not constitute any type of explanation.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

Adversarial connectors are those that express opposition or contradiction between two ideas.
The most common ones in Spanish are, however, on the contrary, now, however, however, although, but. Thus, the correct answer is part c).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part a) because the theoretical value is the contribution of the research to other areas of knowledge, the transcendental importance or the results that could be applicable to other phenomena.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The objectives of a research project must be written starting with infinitive verbs, be clear and concise, propose achievable actions, and focus on achievements and not on processes or activities. Therefore, the correct answer is part d).

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part a) since feasibility refers to the availability of the resources necessary to carry out the objectives or goals indicated in an investigation, that is, explaining whether it is possible to meet the goals that are set in a project. project, taking into account the resources available for its implementation.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The criteria to adequately pose a research problem are 3: Express a relationship between 2 or more concepts or variables, be formulated as a question, clearly and without ambiguity, and imply the possibility of an empirical test, that is, the feasibility of being observed in the “single and objective reality.”

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The formulation of a research problem involves putting into context all the variables related to a particular situation, a phenomenon or a process that requires attention for its improvement, efficiency or understanding.
The fragment describes the problems related to irritable bowel syndrome, that is, the relevance of the condition in Mexico is contextualized based on its recurrence rate, the type of population it affects and the immediate consequences it generates. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The bibliographic record, as its name indicates, is one that is used to collect the identification data of books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, manuals or any material (printed or digital) that constitutes a “book” or compendium of theoretical information.
For its part, the newspaper record is one that brings together the essential data to identify the information obtained from newspapers, magazines, brochures, pamphlets and any other type of document whose publication is periodic, that is, which is carried out regularly (daily, weekly , monthly, bimonthly, etc.).
Cyberographic files add basic information for the location of websites such as blogs, social networks and others that do not constitute periodic publications such as digital magazines, in which case we speak of digital newspapers.
Finally, the iconographic tokens record the identification data from paintings, sculptures, buildings or architectural works whose value is merely artistic and visual.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part d) because primary sources contain new and original information derived from intellectual work such as books, scientific journals and newspapers.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part c) since only in the introduction of a research work is a panoramic view of the work presented.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part a) since a critical apparatus is essential for the research to be consistent and to declare what the sources of information are to avoid plagiarism because through this the background of the research work is recognized and, at the same time, At the same time, it is demonstrated that the bases are valid to justify the conclusion of the work.

EXPLANATION OF THE CORRECT ANSWER

The correct answer is part c) since the journal reference data in APA are: Surname, A. (2019). Specific article title. Title of the Magazine, Volume (number of the magazine), start page number – end page number. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/xx.xxxxxxxxxx